Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Branche C[original query] |
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Evaluating demographic representation in clinical trials: Use of the adaptive coronavirus disease 2019 treatment trial (ACTT) as a test case
Ortega-Villa AM , Hynes NA , Levine CB , Yang K , Wiley Z , Jilg N , Wang J , Whitaker JA , Colombo CJ , Nayak SU , Kim HJ , Iovine NM , Ince D , Cohen SH , Langer AJ , Wortham JM , Atmar RL , El Sahly HM , Jain MK , Mehta AK , Wolfe CR , Gomez CA , Beresnev T , Mularski RA , Paules CI , Kalil AC , Branche AR , Luetkemeyer A , Zingman BS , Voell J , Whitaker M , Harkins MS , Davey RT Jr , Grossberg R , George SL , Tapson V , Short WR , Ghazaryan V , Benson CA , Dodd LE , Sweeney DA , Tomashek KM . Open Forum Infect Dis 2023 10 (6) ofad290 BACKGROUND: Clinical trials initiated during emerging infectious disease outbreaks must quickly enroll participants to identify treatments to reduce morbidity and mortality. This may be at odds with enrolling a representative study population, especially when the population affected is undefined. METHODS: We evaluated the utility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), the COVID-19 Case Surveillance System (CCSS), and 2020 United States (US) Census data to determine demographic representation in the 4 stages of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT). We compared the cumulative proportion of participants by sex, race, ethnicity, and age enrolled at US ACTT sites, with respective 95% confidence intervals, to the reference data in forest plots. RESULTS: US ACTT sites enrolled 3509 adults hospitalized with COVID-19. When compared with COVID-NET, ACTT enrolled a similar or higher proportion of Hispanic/Latino and White participants depending on the stage, and a similar proportion of African American participants in all stages. In contrast, ACTT enrolled a higher proportion of these groups when compared with US Census and CCSS. The proportion of participants aged ≥65 years was either similar or lower than COVID-NET and higher than CCSS and the US Census. The proportion of females enrolled in ACTT was lower than the proportion of females in the reference datasets. CONCLUSIONS: Although surveillance data of hospitalized cases may not be available early in an outbreak, they are a better comparator than US Census data and surveillance of all cases, which may not reflect the population affected and at higher risk of severe disease. |
Unmanned aerial vehicles in construction and worker safety
Howard J , Murashov V , Branche CM . Am J Ind Med 2017 61 (1) 3-10 Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for military, recreational, public, and commercial uses have expanded significantly in recent years. In the construction industry, UAVs are used primarily for monitoring of construction workflow and job site logistics, inspecting construction sites to assess structural integrity, and for maintenance assessments. As is the case with other emerging technologies, occupational safety assessments of UAVs lag behind technological advancements. UAVs may create new workplace hazards that need to be evaluated and managed to ensure their safe operation around human workers. At the same time, UAVs can perform dangerous tasks, thereby improving workplace safety. This paper describes the four major uses of UAVs, including their use in construction, the potential risks of their use to workers, approaches for risk mitigation, and the important role that safety and health professionals can play in ensuring safe approaches to the their use in the workplace. |
2015 Revised Utstein-Style Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Drowning-Related Resuscitation: An ILCOR Advisory Statement
Idris AH , Bierens Jjlm , Perkins GD , Wenzel V , Nadkarni V , Morley P , Warner DS , Topjian A , Venema AM , Branche CM , Szpilman D , Morizot-Leite L , Nitta M , Lofgren B , Webber J , Grasner JT , Beerman SB , Youn CS , Jost U , Quan L , Dezfulian C , Handley AJ , Hazinski MF . Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017 10 (7) BACKGROUND: Utstein-style guidelines use an established consensus process, endorsed by the international resuscitation community, to facilitate and structure resuscitation research and publication. The first "Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Drowning" were published over a decade ago. During the intervening years, resuscitation science has advanced considerably, thus making revision of the guidelines timely. In particular, measurement of cardiopulmonary resuscitation elements and neurological outcomes reporting have advanced substantially. The purpose of this report is to provide updated guidelines for reporting data from studies of resuscitation from drowning. METHODS: An international group with scientific expertise in the fields of drowning research, resuscitation research, emergency medical services, public health, and development of guidelines met in Potsdam, Germany, to determine the data that should be reported in scientific articles on the subject of resuscitation from drowning. At the Utstein-style meeting, participants discussed data elements in detail, defined the data, determined data priority, and decided how data should be reported, including scoring methods and category details. RESULTS: The template for reporting data from drowning research was revised extensively, with new emphasis on measurement of quality of resuscitation, neurological outcomes, and deletion of data that have proved to be less relevant or difficult to capture. CONCLUSIONS: The report describes the consensus process, rationale for selecting data elements to be reported, definitions and priority of data, and scoring methods. These guidelines are intended to improve the clarity of scientific communication and the comparability of scientific investigations. |
A national safety stand-down to reduce construction worker falls
Bunting J , Branche C , Trahan C , Goldenhar L . J Safety Res 2016 60 103-111 Introduction: Falls are the leading cause of death and third leading cause of non-fatal injuries in construction. In an effort to combat these numbers, The National Campaign to Prevent Falls in Construction began in April 2012. As the campaign gained momentum, a week called the National Safety Stand-Down to Prevent Falls was launched to draw attention to the campaign and its goals. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reach of the Stand-Down and lessons learned from its implementation. Methods: The Occupational Safety & Health Administration offered a certificate of participation during the Stand-Down. To print the certificate, respondents provided information about their company and stand-down event. CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training conducted analyses on the data collected to assess reach and extent of participation. Results: In 2014, 4,882 stand-downs were reported. The total number reported in 2015 was 3,759. The number of participants, however, increased from 770,193 in 2014 to 1,041,307 in 2015. Discussion: The Stand-Down successfully reached the construction industry and beyond. Respondents were enthusiastic and participated nationally and internationally in variety of activities. They also provided significant feedback that will be influential in future campaign planning. Conclusion: Numbers of Stand-Downs and participants for both years are estimated to be substantially higher than the data recorded from the certificate database. While we cannot determine impact, the reach of the Stand-Down has surpassed expectations. Practical applications: The data gathered provide support for the continuation of the Stand-Down. Campaign planners incorporated findings into future Stand-Down planning, materials creation, and promotion. This analysis also provides insight on how organizations can partner to create targeted national campaigns that include activities stakeholders in the construction industry respond to, and can be used to replicate our efforts for other safety and health initiatives in construction and other industries. |
The new ANSI nail gun standard: A lost opportunity for safety
Howard J , Branche CM , Earnest GS . Am J Ind Med 2016 60 (2) 147-151 Pneumatic nail guns have been shown in published studies to cause injury and death to both workers and consumers, but those equipped with sequential trigger mechanisms provide much greater safety protection against unintentional discharge than those equipped with contact triggers. In 2015 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved a revision to its 2002 nail gun standard, but failed to require sequential triggers. Substantive and procedural deficiencies in the ANSI standard's development process resulted in a scientifically unsound nail gun safety standard, detracting from its use as the basis for a mandatory national safety standard and ultimately from its ability to protect worker and consumer users. |
Occupational safety and health, green chemistry, and sustainability: a review of areas of convergence
Schulte PA , McKernan LT , Heidel DS , Okun AH , Dotson GS , Lentz TJ , Geraci CL , Heckel PE , Branche CM . Environ Health 2013 12 31 With increasing numbers and quantities of chemicals in commerce and use, scientific attention continues to focus on the environmental and public health consequences of chemical production processes and exposures. Concerns about environmental stewardship have been gaining broader traction through emphases on sustainability and "green chemistry" principles. Occupational safety and health has not been fully promoted as a component of environmental sustainability. However, there is a natural convergence of green chemistry/sustainability and occupational safety and health efforts. Addressing both together can have a synergistic effect. Failure to promote this convergence could lead to increasing worker hazards and lack of support for sustainability efforts. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has made a concerted effort involving multiple stakeholders to anticipate and identify potential hazards associated with sustainable practices and green jobs for workers. Examples of potential hazards are presented in case studies with suggested solutions such as implementing the hierarchy of controls and prevention through design principles in green chemistry and green building practices. Practical considerations and strategies for green chemistry, and environmental stewardship could benefit from the incorporation of occupational safety and health concepts which in turn protect affected workers. |
Making green jobs safe
Schulte PA , Heidel D , Okun A , Branche C . Ind Health 2010 48 (4) 377-379 Can a job be “Green” if it is not safe? Unfortunately, | the current answer is yes. The United Nations | Environment Program defines a green job as work in | agricultural, manufacturing, research and development, | administrative, and service activities that contribute | substantially to preserving or restoring environmental | quality1). The US Bureau of Labor Statistics proposes | to define green jobs as jobs involved in producing | green products and services that increase the use of | energy from renewable sources, increase energy efficiency, or protect, restore, or mitigate damage to the | environment2). From these definitions it is apparent that, | although a green job must preserve environmental quality and/or produce green products and services, green | jobs have no requirement that they be safe for those | individuals performing the jobs (or for that matter, the | consumers using green products and services). |
Twenty years of NIOSH construction research
Howard J , Stafford P , Branche C , Broderick T , Froetscher J . J Safety Res 2010 41 (3) 187-8 This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Construction Research Program at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The Program started in 1990 through a $1 million appropriation and a Congressional mandate to “develop a comprehensive prevention program directed at health problems affecting construction workers by expanding existing NIOSH activities in areas of surveillance, research, and intervention.” The United States Congress provided additional direction and funding over the next five years, adding new focus areas such as traumatic injury, musculoskeletal disorders, surveillance, and intervention research. Support was provided for a cooperative agreement for an external National Construction Center with the aim to develop prevention-oriented strategies and programs, to provide linkages to the construction community, and to coordinate applied research. Before 1990, construction safety and health was a relatively obscure topic with few researchers specializing in this area of research. Information describing safety and health conditions in the industry was difficult to find. The fatality rate for the U.S. construction industry as a whole was estimated to be 25 per 100,000 full time equivalent (FTE) employees, the fatality rate for structural iron workers in 1992 was 143.3 deaths per 100,000 FTE, and the rate for electric power line installers was 149.3 deaths per 100,000 FTE. Yet, there were few regular conferences for both researchers and construction industry practitioners to share problems and solutions. |
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